HomeCase briefs › Civil Procedure

Bright v. Western Air Lines, Inc.

California Court of Appeal · 1951 · Civil Procedure
Civil ProcedureWrongful DeathSurvival of ActionsProbate Code section 574estate not legal entitycannot sue or be suedwrongful deathstatutory trustee

Facts

The complaint alleged that Fred R. Bright, Jr. was killed on December 24, 1946, in an airplane crash caused by defendant's negligent operation of its aircraft while he was a passenger for hire. Plaintiffs claimed that, as a result of his death, the estate's property rights were wasted, lessened, injured, and destroyed. The complaint further alleged that decedent had a life expectancy of 34.29 years, had earned $300,000 annually for several years, and that his estate was damaged in the amount of $10,287,000. The administratrix sued in that representative capacity, and the complaint did not allege that decedent left any heirs at law.

Issue

Whether the estate of a decedent has a cause of action against a defendant for damages measured by the decedent's lost future earnings resulting from the defendant's allegedly wrongful killing of the decedent. More specifically, the question was whether such an action could be maintained under Probate Code section 574 when the complaint alleged no surviving heirs.

Rule

An estate is not a legal entity and cannot sue or be sued. Damages for wrongful death are recoverable only in the statutory action authorized for surviving heirs or by a personal representative acting solely as a statutory trustee for those heirs; such recovery is not part of the decedent's estate. Probate Code section 574 does not create a cause of action in favor of an estate for the decedent's lost future earnings, and where no heirs are alleged, no such wrongful-death-based action is stated.

🔒

See the holding & full analysis

Create a free KwikCourt account to unlock the rest of this brief — and practice the case.

  • The court's holding and reasoning
  • Doctrine tests, pitfalls & exam hypotheticals
  • 10 practice questions + 4 AI-graded essays on this case
Sign up free to see more →
Free sample · practice this case

Test yourself

One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
In Sacramento, Nora Feldman was killed when a delivery van allegedly ran a red light. Her son, acting without being appointed personal representative, filed a complaint captioned in the name of "The Estate of Nora Feldman" seeking $4 million for the estate's loss of Nora's future earnings over her expected lifetime.

If the defendant moves to dismiss for failure to state a claim, how should the court rule?

Explanation. The majority rule is that an estate is merely the aggregate of assets and liabilities, not a natural or artificial person, and therefore cannot sue or be sued. A claim seeking damages measured by the decedent's future earnings due to a wrongful killing is, in substance, a wrongful death action, and such recovery is not for the estate itself. (Derived from Bright v. Western Air Lines, Inc. (n.d.).)