George L. Riggs, Inc. v. Commissioner

United States Tax Court · 1975 · Corporations
CorporationsCorporate liquidationsTaxationsection 332complete liquidation80 percent ownershipadoption of planinformal plan

Facts

Petitioner owned 72.13 percent of the common stock of Standard Electric Time Co., later renamed Riggs-Young Corp., and also held preferred stock that had no voting power during the relevant period. In December 1967, Standard's shareholders approved the sale of substantially all corporate assets, and in early 1968 Riggs-Young redeemed all preferred stock and later made a tender offer to most common shareholders. By May 9, 1968, petitioner owned at least 80 percent of Riggs-Young's outstanding stock, and by May 28, 1968, it owned 95.6 percent of the common stock. On June 20, 1968, Riggs-Young's board and shareholders formally adopted a plan of complete liquidation, and petitioner received liquidating distributions but reported the resulting gain as nonrecognized under section 332(a).

Issue

When was Riggs-Young's plan of liquidation adopted for purposes of section 332(b)? More specifically, did the corporation adopt the plan before petitioner reached 80 percent ownership, or only after petitioner owned at least 80 percent of the stock?

Rule

For section 332 purposes, the date of adoption of a plan of liquidation is ordinarily the date the shareholders adopt the resolution authorizing distribution of all assets in cancellation or redemption of all stock. Informal adoption is possible, but it requires some kind of definitive determination to achieve dissolution; a mere general, conditional, or future intent to liquidate does not constitute adoption of a plan.

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Lakeview Holdings, Inc., a Michigan corporation in Detroit, owns 74% of the voting common stock of Riverton Components, Inc. in Ohio. In March, Riverton's shareholders approve a sale of substantially all operating assets, and the notice states that management "may later evaluate strategic alternatives, including a possible liquidation." In June, after Lakeview buys enough shares to reach 84%, Riverton's shareholders adopt a resolution authorizing distribution of all remaining assets in cancellation of all stock.

For purposes of determining whether Section 332 applies to Lakeview's receipt of Riverton's assets, when was the plan of liquidation most likely adopted?

Explanation. Ordinarily, the adoption date is the date the shareholders adopt the resolution authorizing distribution of all assets in cancellation or redemption of all stock. A sale of substantially all assets, coupled with only a possible future liquidation, does not itself establish adoption of a liquidation plan. The majority opinion required a definitive determination to dissolve, not mere contemplation. (Derived from George L. Riggs, Inc. v. Commissioner (n.d.).)