United States v. Madoff

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2011 · Criminal Law
Criminal LawCriminal ForfeitureThird-Party PetitionsGiftscriminal forfeiture21 U.S.C. § 853(n)Rule 32.2(c)(1)(A)inter vivos gift

Facts

In 2006, the Bairds, who were BLMIS clients, gave Madoff a sculpture made from three African masks to thank him for taking good care of their family's investment. They personally delivered it to him at his office, their daughter presented it, and Madoff thanked them for it. After Madoff later pled guilty and the government forfeited property from his apartment, the sculpture was found among items to be auctioned. The Bairds claimed they would not have made the gift had they known Madoff was fraudulently handling their investment and argued the gift was effectively conditional.

Issue

Did the Bairds plausibly allege a legal right, title, or interest in the forfeited sculpture sufficient to sustain a third-party petition under 21 U.S.C. § 853(n), or had they already divested themselves of any interest by making an irrevocable gift to Madoff?

Rule

A third-party petition in a criminal forfeiture proceeding must allege the nature and extent of the petitioner's right, title, or interest in the property and must state a plausible claim to relief. Under New York law, an inter vivos gift is complete when there is intent to make a present, irrevocable transfer, delivery to the donee, and acceptance by the donee; once completed, the donor is divested of ownership, and a gift is not revocable merely because the donor's premise or motivation for making it was false.

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One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
In New York City, Elena Cruz filed a third-party petition after federal agents seized a vintage watch from the apartment of Nolan Pike following his criminal conviction. Her petition alleged only that it would be unfair for the government to keep the watch because she had once given it to Pike as a sign of gratitude.

On the government's motion to dismiss, which is the strongest basis for dismissal?

Explanation. A third-party forfeiture petition is evaluated like a civil motion to dismiss and must plausibly state a claim to relief, including the nature and extent of the petitioner's right, title, or interest in the property. Alleging only unfairness after having given the item away does not plausibly allege a current legal interest in the property itself.