Doctor's Associates, Inc. v. Casarotto

Supreme Court of the United States · 1996 · Contracts
517 U.S. 681 (1996)
Updated
ContractsArbitrationFederal Arbitration ActPreemptionFAASection 2arbitration clausestate preemption

Facts

Doctor's Associates entered a standard form franchise agreement with Paul Casarotto to operate a Subway shop in Montana. The agreement contained an arbitration clause on page nine in ordinary type stating that controversies or claims arising out of the contract would be settled by arbitration. Casarotto later sued Doctor's Associates and its Montana development agent on state-law contract and tort claims related to the agreement. Montana law provided that a contract could not be subject to arbitration unless notice of arbitration appeared on the first page in underlined capital letters, and the franchise agreement did not comply with that requirement.

Issue

Whether the Federal Arbitration Act preempts a Montana statute that makes arbitration clauses unenforceable unless notice of arbitration appears in underlined capital letters on the first page of the contract. More specifically, the question is whether a state may impose a special notice requirement that applies only to contracts subject to arbitration.

Rule

Under § 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act, arbitration agreements must be placed on the same footing as other contracts. States may apply generally applicable contract defenses, such as fraud, duress, or unconscionability, to invalidate arbitration agreements, but they may not impose special validity, enforceability, or notice requirements that apply only to arbitration provisions.

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One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
Nora Kim signed a home-security monitoring contract with Pine Vale Monitoring, LLC in Phoenix, Arizona. The contract contained an arbitration clause on page six. Arizona then applied a statute providing that arbitration clauses are unenforceable unless a warning appears in 14-point boldface on the first page of the contract; no comparable rule applies to any other contract term.

If the contract is otherwise covered by the Federal Arbitration Act, is the arbitration clause enforceable?

Explanation. Section 2 of the FAA requires arbitration agreements to be placed on the same footing as other contracts. A state rule that conditions enforceability on a special notice requirement applicable specifically and solely to arbitration provisions conflicts with the FAA and is preempted. The fact that the state does not prohibit arbitration altogether is irrelevant if it singles out arbitration for special burdens.