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Erkins v. Case Power & Equipment Co.

United States District Court · 1995 · Civil Procedure
Civil ProcedureThird-Party PracticeContributionRule 14Rule 14(a)impleaderthird-party complaintcontribution

Facts

Plaintiff's decedent was killed at a construction site after falling from the bucket of a backhoe and being run over. Plaintiff sued Case, the backhoe manufacturer, on a strict products liability failure-to-warn theory, alleging inadequate warnings about riding in the bucket. Case denied responsibility but sought contribution from Fitzpatrick and ECRACOM, alleging their negligence in failing to conduct safety meetings contributed to the accident. Plaintiff had not sued Fitzpatrick or ECRACOM.

Issue

May a defendant sued in strict products liability implead nonparties under Rule 14(a) for contribution based on negligence when all alleged tortfeasors may be liable for the same injury? Does the fact that plaintiff did not sue the proposed third-party defendants, and that the theories of liability differ, bar impleader?

Rule

Rule 14(a) permits impleader only when the proposed third-party defendant may be liable to the defendant derivatively or secondarily, typically through contribution or indemnity. Under the New Jersey Joint Tortfeasors Contribution Act, contribution is available among persons jointly or severally liable in tort for the same injury, and they need not be liable under the same theory of tort liability. In deciding whether to allow impleader, courts consider timeliness, potential complication of issues, probability of trial delay, and prejudice to the plaintiff.

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One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
In federal court in Newark, Mia Torres sues Red Forge Lifts, a forklift manufacturer, alleging strict products liability for failure to warn after she is injured in a warehouse accident. Red Forge seeks to file a third-party complaint against site manager Nolan Price, alleging only that Nolan is directly liable to Mia because he ignored safety protocols, but Red Forge does not seek contribution or indemnity from him.

Should the court permit impleader under Rule 14(a)?

Explanation. Rule 14(a) permits impleader only when the proposed third-party defendant may be liable to the defendant derivatively or secondarily, typically through contribution or indemnity. It is not a device for joining a person who may be liable only to the plaintiff. Because Red Forge is not asserting derivative liability, impleader should be denied. (Derived from Erkins v. Case Power & Equipment Co. (n.d.).)