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Markvicka v. Brodhead-Garrett Co.

United States District Court for the District of Nebraska · 1977 · Civil Procedure
Civil ProcedureThird-Party PracticeContributionIndemnityRule 14(a)impleaderthird-party complaintcontribution

Facts

A minor plaintiff sued Brodhead-Garrett Company for severe injuries allegedly caused by a defectively designed and conditioned jointer machine manufactured by Brodhead-Garrett. Brodhead-Garrett then filed a third-party complaint against the School District of Ralston, alleging the accident occurred during a woodworking class run by the School District. The third-party complaint alleged that improper maintenance of the machine and inadequate supervision of students by the School District caused the plaintiff's injuries. Although the complaint was framed as one for indemnity, the court concluded the allegations more accurately stated a claim for contribution.

Issue

Whether a defendant may maintain a Rule 14(a) third-party complaint against an alleged concurrent tortfeasor for contribution before any joint judgment has been entered, and whether dismissal is proper when the defendant has mislabeled the claim as indemnity rather than contribution.

Rule

Under Nebraska law, contribution is available among negligent joint tortfeasors, and Rule 14(a) permits impleader of a party who is or may be liable for all or part of the plaintiff's claim. When the pleaded facts show possible concurrent negligence creating potential contribution liability, impleader is proper even though contribution may not be enforceable until judgment and payment; a complaint should not be dismissed merely because it incorrectly labels the theory as indemnity if facts could support relief under contribution.

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One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
In Omaha, Nora Ellison sued Prairie Forge Tools, alleging a table saw was defectively designed and caused her hand injury. Prairie Forge filed a third-party complaint against Riverbend Trade Academy, alleging the academy removed safety guards and negligently supervised the workshop where Nora was hurt.

Riverbend moves to dismiss, arguing contribution is unavailable because no judgment has yet been entered against Prairie Forge. How should the court rule?

Explanation. The majority opinion treats Rule 14(a) as allowing impleader of a person who 'is or may be liable' for all or part of the plaintiff’s claim. Where state law recognizes contribution among negligent joint tortfeasors, a defendant may implead an alleged co-wrongdoer before judgment, even though actual enforcement of contribution may await judgment and payment. Because the facts allege concurrent negligence causing the same injury, dismissal as premature would be improper.