In re Osterhoudt

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1983 · Evidence
722 F.2d 591 (9th Cir. 1983)
Updated
EvidenceAttorney-client privilegeGrand jury subpoenagrand jurysubpoena to attorneylegal feesclient identityconfidential communication

Facts

The government subpoenaed appellant's attorney in connection with a grand jury investigation and stipulated that only the amount, form, and date of legal fee payments had to be disclosed. Appellant had retained the attorney in connection with a grand jury investigation into possible income tax and controlled substance violations. The government filed an affidavit stating that the grand jury inquiry was based on information that appellant had been a major marijuana distributor who made substantial sums of money, that a complete financial investigation was relevant, and that fee-payment information was necessary to complete that investigation. Appellant argued that disclosure of the fee information would implicate him in the same criminal activity for which he sought legal advice and was therefore privileged.

Issue

Whether the attorney-client privilege protected disclosure of the date, amount, and form of appellant's legal fee payments to his attorney because disclosure might incriminate appellant in the very criminal activity for which he sought counsel. Also, whether enforcing the subpoena without a preliminary hearing violated appellant's Fifth or Sixth Amendment interests.

Rule

The governing principle is that the attorney-client privilege extends only to confidential professional communications. Client identity and fee arrangements are ordinarily not privileged because they usually do not reveal confidential communications; they become privileged only when disclosure would in substance convey information that is itself part of a confidential communication between attorney and client.

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One of 10 multiple-choice questions for this case. Pick an answer to see why.
A federal grand jury in Phoenix is investigating Nolan Pierce for wire fraud. Prosecutors subpoena Nolan's lawyer at Mesa Harbor Defense Group for the dates, amounts, and methods of Nolan's fee payments, and Nolan moves to quash, arguing the payments will help prove the fraudulent scheme generated cash.

How should the court rule on Nolan's privilege claim?

Explanation. The governing principle is that the attorney-client privilege protects confidential professional communications, not all incriminating information connected to representation. Dates, amounts, and methods of fee payments are ordinarily outside the privilege because they usually do not disclose confidential communications. The fact that the information may be incriminating, or useful in proving the same offense under investigation, does not itself make it privileged.